![]() ![]() From this study, the MCNP code was found to be accurate enough for the bare- and energy-moderated 252Cf neutron activation calculations of these elements using moderators containing hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. For all of the indium, nickel, and gold activity data, the measured and calculated values agreed within 25%, and the corresponding values for europium and cobalt were within 40%. Measured activity data (reaction yield) of the neutron-irradiated detectors in these moderators decreased to about 1/1,000th or 1/10,000th, which corresponds to about 1,500 m ground distance from the hypocenter in Hiroshima. The neutron moderators used were Lucite and Nylon 6 and the total thickness of each moderator was 60 cm or 65 cm. The latter two activations are also to validate 152Eu and 60Co activity data obtained from the atomic bomb-exposed specimens collected at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. ![]() The augmented radiation effects mean that blast and heat effects are reduced so that. It is also known as an enhanced-radiation weapon (ERW). The neutron bomb differs from standard nuclear weapons insofar as its primary lethal effects come from the radiation damage caused by the neutrons it emits. This test includes the activation of indium and nickel for fast neutrons and gold, europium, and cobalt for thermal and epithermal neutrons, which were inserted in the moderators. The neutron bomb is a small hydrogen bomb. An iron plate was used to simulate the effect of the Hiroshima atomic bomb casing. “Those were small bombs, and they were bad enough.” Hydrogen bombs, he said, would result in a yield of about 100,000 kilotons of TNT, up to several million kilotons of TNT, which would mean more deaths.A benchmark test of the Monte Carlo neutron and photon transport code system (MCNP) was performed using a bare- and energy-moderated 252Cf fission neutron source which was obtained by transmission through 10-cm-thick iron. “Those were the little guys,” Morse said. Neutron bomb, specialized type of nuclear weapon that would produce minimal blast and heat but would release large amounts of lethal radiation. Morse said the atomic bombs dropped on Japan were each equivalent to just about 10,000 kilotons of TNT. “The extra yield is going to give you more bang,” Morse said. However, more energy is released during the fusion process, which causes a bigger blast. In both cases, a significant amount of energy is released, which drives the explosion, experts say. “The way the hydrogen bomb works - it’s really a combination of fission and fusion together,” said Eric Norman, who also teaches nuclear engineering at UC Berkeley. The hydrogen bomb relies on fusion, the process of taking two separate atoms and putting them together to form a third atom. To make a hydrogen bomb, one would still need uranium or plutonium as well as two other isotopes of hydrogen, called deuterium and tritium. A cobalt bomb could be made by placing a quantity of ordinary cobalt metal (59 Co) around a thermonuclear bomb. “You have to master the A-bomb first,” Hall said.Īn atomic bomb uses either uranium or plutonium and relies on fission, a nuclear reaction in which a nucleus or an atom breaks apart into two pieces. Simply speaking, experts say a hydrogen bomb is the more advanced version of an atomic bomb. ![]() “A regular atomic bomb would still be devastating, but it would not do nearly as much damage as an H-bomb.” “It will basically wipe out any of modern cities,” Hall said. Hall, director of the University of Tennessee’s Institute for Nuclear Security, called the hydrogen bomb a “city killer” that would probably annihilate between 100 and 1,000 times more people than an atomic bomb. “In other words, you kill more people,” he said. “With the bomb we dropped in Nagasaki, it killed everybody within a mile radius,” Morse told TIME on Friday, adding that a hydrogen bomb’s reach would be closer to 5 or 10 miles. of blast, thermal effects, and instantaneous and neutron irradiation. Hydrogen bombs cause a bigger explosion, which means the shock waves, blast, heat and radiation all have larger reach than an atomic bomb, according to Edward Morse, a professor of nuclear engineering at University of California, Berkeley.Īlthough no other country has used such a weapon of mass destruction since World War II, experts say it would be even more catastrophic if a hydrogen bomb were to be dropped instead of an atomic one. The explosion of the second atomic bomb, Fat Boy, above Nagasaki on 9th August. ![]()
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